Blog 4: Project Outline

My topic is discussing the comparison between Intelligent Building and Green Building. In my point of view, the future goals of the construction field will be mainly focused on two directions. Intelligence and environmentally friendly. The explore of the similarity and differently will assistance our industry to better future development.

First and foremost, define both two concepts are important. As Dr. Mitchel stated in the first lecture, the definition of the smart building varies so is the green building. In order to develop the project, properly define both concepts will be the base stone for the project delivery.

Afterwards, the project can be divided by several prospects. For instance, the subdivides may include but not limited to the building systems, types of buildings, construction stages and more. The similarities and differences then can be discussed with more depth and focus.

Moreover, for better develop of my paper, next subject I will be focus on is the discussion about their benefits and limitations, what are the benefits in common that is the characteristics for both? What are their individual benefits? Also, the connection between them as well. Also for the contrary, the limitations will also be included.

The challenges I will be facing priority is to find the borders between intelligent building and green building. It will be challenging to clearly stated the line. Frankly, some of the border is not clear at the first place. The other challenge is avoiding staying too general for my paper. Narrower and more insight will be my goal.

In conclusion, my goal for the project is by digging in to the definition of intelligent building and green building, find their commons and similarities as well as their differences. In addition, their conjunctions and differences of the benefits and limitations.

Comments:

Laney Fries: Your outline is clear in my point of view. AI vs. Green is an interesting topic as I think they can assist one another. Your previous experience in LEEDs will certainly help you in the approach of the project, but I think it will be better if do not limited to their standards.

Jenny Fretta: Your project related to Revit Families design is interesting. It is a nice way to explore more of Revit. Dynamo will be challenging indeed for beginner, use some resources outside the department might be helpful to your team.

Nick Maloney: Your continuing design for your project is a good choice for this project. As we get a better understanding about the BIM technology and especially Revit, your project will be benefits from it.

Blog Post Week 5 - 3-D Printed Steel

I am working on a project with Kyle Breiman that is called “Constructability and Engineering Properties of 3-D Printed Steel Comparing Traditional Manufacturing and Construction Methods”.  We will be examining the engineering properties and constructability of 3-D printed steel as compared to steel that is manufactured using traditional means.  The engineering properties that this project will look at include fire protection rating, localized climate effects on the steel’s molecular structure, compressive strength, tensile strength, and its brittle or ductile nature.  The hypothesis that Kyle and I have created states that we do not believe that there will be much difference in these engineering properties of steel, regardless of manufacturing method, although analyzing this information is extremely important in the event that our hypothesis proves wrong.  The constructability implications that 3-D printers have on an on-going construction project include primarily logistical concerns.  3-D printers, being fairly large, may cause concerns for providing raw material to the 3-D printer, allowing the physical space that the 3-D printer requires to complete its work, and the cost of manufacturing 3-D printed steel as compared to traditional methods.  The cost to produce steel in today’s construction industry is a known value that varies depending on the shape and size of the steel, and must be compared to if it were produced using a 3-D printer.  The final constructability concern is ensuring that the one 3-D printer that a construction job purchases or rents is able to manufacture all of the steel shapes and sizes that a job needs.  Most likely, if a 3-D printer is unable to be flexible enough to manufacture all of the pieces, then it may not be worth its cost. 

To show the information that we will research, Kyle and I will develop a paper that will show our findings about 3-D printed steel, the results of its engineering properties today, and where it will move towards the future (expected values once the technology is fully developed), and the results of its constructability concerns as this technology is integrated to ongoing construction projects to save time, money, improve overall efficiency, and reduce the overall time of project schedules.

Comment 1 – Richard Kimball:

Richard, learning Dynamo is a great task to undertake, and I believe that it will help you significantly as you grow your professional career after Drexel.  For most people, building a Revit model with an HVAC system could be their entire project, but good job working towards the extra goal of including Dynamo in your project.  I am also interested in learning how Dynamo works, and how I could apply it to my job after college, so I will be very interested in seeing how your project develops towards the end of the term, and also how your presentation will show its abilities.

Comment 2 – Kunlun Ren:

Ren, tackling BIM in a specific industry is a good idea that I don’t think I considered.  Each industry has extremely varied requirements in terms of building design.  Healthcare especially has strict HVAC requirements, structural requirements (with large pieces of equipment like MRI machines), and plumbing requirements for human waste, body fluids, and unique chemicals.  Typical plumbing systems would not need to handle large quantities of these fluids typically, and are not designed for them.  Seeing how BIM can be applied to a specialized industry like healthcare is a great idea, and I am looking forward to seeing your presentation.

Comment 3 – Albert Hanan:

Albert, building an in-depth Revit model, and applying Dynamo script to it is an ambitious project to pursue.  I know that there is another group that is working in Dynamo (I believe Richard Kimball in group A), and they may have some input if you are still looking for help (although they are also self-teaching how to use Dynamo).  Like a lot of the class, I have been very interested in Dynamo ever since it was introduced to our class in week 2, although I am not the best at learning how to code.  I am looking forward to your presentation in a few weeks as you develop your project, as I have been learning how to use Revit in the past few weeks for both this class and senior design, and I would like to see more about what Dynamo has the capability to do.

B4 Project

      I.        Introduction

a.   Define Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning/Deep Learning

b.   Define Smart Infrastructure

c.    State the Argument (there will be adverse effects from using Artificial Intelligence which stem from the demographic of individuals in engineering and construction practices, thus encouraging counterproductive results to the betterment of society and future buildings we construct)

    II.        Advances in Current Engineering/Construction Practice

a.   Examples:

                                               i.     Drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

                                             ii.     Sam 100 (Bricklaying Robot) or Construction Robots

                                            iii.     Comfy Application or HVAC Robots

                                            iv.     BIM or BLM Software

                                             v.     Chatbots

b.   Personal Comments

   III.        Future of Engineering/Construction Practice

a.   Examples

                                               i.     Based on Existing Technology i.e. Part II and Future Demand i.e. References

  IV.        Discussion of Artificial Intelligence and Connection to Human Behavior

a.   Define Characteristics of Machine Learning

                                               i.     Methods of Learning

                                             ii.     What Makes a ‘Good’ Machine?

b.   How does Human Behavior Impact Machine Learning

                                               i.     Before and During Implementation of Technology in Actual Situations

    V.        Psychological Implications of Using Artificial Intelligence Generally

a.   Human Dependency

                                               i.     Laziness

                                             ii.     Carelessness

                                            iii.     Lack of Understanding for Traditional Ways/Threat to Jobs

                                            iv.     State Some Positive Impacts for Fair Argument

b.   Social Views

                                               i.     Cultural Differences i.e. race, income, religion, politics, etc.

  VI.        Psychological Implications Inferred from Using Artificial Intelligence in Engineering/Construction

a.   Based on Part V and Psychology i.e. References

                                               i.     Emphasize Machine Learning

 VII.        Final Thoughts and Expert Opinions 

a.   Example Critics and their Arguments both for and against Part I.c.

VIII.        Conclusion

  IX.        References

My project will discuss how the use of artificial intelligence combined with human behavior can lead to negative repercussions in the future. Specifically, I would like to use machine learning, based on how it is used today and presumably in the future, as an example of the interconnectivity between machines and human thought and behavior to show that machines are not completely independent of social prejudices.

I chose this topic based on an article that I read about a self-driving Uber. One night a passenger was being transported by a self-driving Uber, and after each pedestrian walked by the Uber would identify them to the passenger. The car was unable to identify and nearly hit two African American men because it could not see nor recognize dark skin. This made me realize that even though machines can be adaptive to their surroundings, they are still influenced by the experiences that they have during the time of their construction. If there is not a lot of diversity in the groups of people who design or use artificial intelligences like machine learning then in essence, these machines will make seemingly unbiased judgments based on biased/limited interactions.

This is relevant to Intelligent Buildings because like the automotive industry, the engineering and construction industry is slowly adapting to incorporate advanced technologies to replace traditional human labor. I think the diversity of these machines in solving problems and interpreting the external environment is important to the overall success of accomplishing a construction task (ex: laying bricks, pouring cement, carrying material). This is why it is necessary to expose these machines to a multitude of foreign environments and people before actual implementation, as well as to monitor how these machines respond to problems over time and if this response is in alignment with the goals for having designed the machine.

Specific to Intelligent Buildings machines will adapt to do tasks like assist with the labor in building construction, automatically adjust interior conditions based on occupancy and weather, and monitor the deterioration of building components. A diversified machine will have been exposed to a number of building failures and have a better likelihood of solving any problems that arise during the buildings lifetime (especially if the same machines were used during the construction of the building).

The challenges with this topic are that much of the argument will stem from interpretive analysis. That is, I will be drawing conclusions from psychology and sociology experts as well as engineering and construction experts because there are not a lot of scientific resources surrounding this topic. There are arguably many benefits to artificial intelligence and this paper isn’t intended to detract from those; the intention for the paper is to bring awareness to a potential future problem that should be prepared for in order for it to be mitigated and ideally, but not likely, prevented.

Comments:

Alkiviadis – I appreciate that you are not only writing about building security through new technology but are also implementing a concrete deliverable. I would suggest that you expand further by learning but also predicting future technologies that could arise to solve building design issues in say your model for example.

Borelli – I like your topic and the fact that you are pulling from existing examples to explain the current capabilities in these machines. I would compare the traditional method of Energy/Life Cycle Analysis with that of using AI to see if there is, if any difference in the quality of the results.

YIDI LI – Your topics stems from much of what we learned in class. I would expand on the impact of urbanization both in America and in underdeveloped or building countries and draw conclusions on how the machines could be designed to address the concerns associated with those areas.

References:

[1]https://www.engineering.com/DesignerEdge/DesignerEdgeArticles/ArticleID/14723/Artificial-Intelligence-and-Engineering.aspx

[2]https://www.construction.com/toolkit/ai-changing-construction

[3]https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_and_civil_engineering

[4]https://www.thebalancesmb.com/drones-affecting-construction-industry-845293

[5]https://www.construction-robotics.com

[6]http://samsungbusiness.economist.com/how-artificial-intelligence-puts-the-smart-in-smart-buildings/

[7]https://www.aia.org/articles/178511-embracing-artificial-intelligence-in-archit

[8]https://www.sas.com/en_us/insights/analytics/machine-learning.html

B4 - Project Outline

              The topic my partner and I selected for our term project is comparing green energy in residential housing to AI within residential housing. While it is a topic commonly selected in past years with AE 410, I think it’s extremely interesting. In order to create more of a focus within the paper, we selected to compare the two in residential housing. Residential housing is something that effects the population every day and seeing where AI and green energy has been used in the past and where we are moving to in the future is an interesting concept. Within the outline, the part of the paper I’m most looking forward to is seeing where people think we’re going in the future- this was the topic of our first blog post and has been brought up many times in class, and I’m very interested in delving into the topic even more. One thing that my group mentioned during one of the discussion times in class was the classic Disney movie Smart House which is based around AI in residential housing. I think this is also one of the things I think has pulled me towards looking at residential instead of offices, city layout, etc. In terms of comparing the two, we plan on putting together a graphic, potentially a pros and cons table or a Venn diagram. This will add a visual aspect to comparing the two and will compile the information we gather to in an organized matter. It will also summarize most of our research as best as possible.

              While we haven’t been able to delve further into finding the sources yet, most of the ones we were able to look at from Professor Mitchell’s Evernotes were related to AI, so we have not looked further into the green energy. From our background knowledge, I think that this paper will focus more on AI due to most of our previous knowledge coming from green energy. I personally worked a lot with LEED procedures in previous co-ops, so I know a lot more with green buildings than I do AI, which I haven’t researched outside of this class. 

Responses

Alec Silverstone, I think your topic is extremely interesting! I have always felt like I missed out on learning about robots when I was younger, and I simply became interesting in other topics since. Since the first two classes when we were looking at videos of robots on construction sites, I think it’s an extremely fascinating idea to use them. One thing that Derek mentioned in last week’s presentation was how the construction industry is struggling due to a lack of qualified workers (most of the time, subcontractors)  and I think the addition of robots can at times, such as now, be seen as a benefit, but it would be interesting to hear about the drawbacks you see with robots – specifically, in a time when work is low and how robots will prevent humans from jobs and ways that can be prevented.

Yicheng Li, I think your project is very interesting! So far, I think the design of the building is well done and I’m excited to see what changes you plan on making in the future. You mention you’ve worked with Revit before – for this project, how do you plan on expanding your knowledge to a new level?

Richard Kimbell, I like how you plan on looking further into Dynamo and I’m excited to see the end result. Having not worked much with Revit and other software in general, hearing about Dynamo was interesting and I would like to see how you’re able to work through it and what the finished product will produce. Do you foresee any issues coming up having not used the program before and learning it in a relatively short period of time?

Blog 4 - Project Outline - CT

This assignment required students to describe their projects and have other students review and suggest any improvements.

Introduction:
My project will involve the structural design of my senior design project. I chose this project because it will be directly related to the completion of my senior design project. I believe that this project is related to intelligent building because as we move forward with using softwares for engineering design, we cannot fully trust the results generated by computers. For this project, I will be testing the accuracy of some modeling softwares. I will be keeping a log of what I’ve done and the obstacles that arose, particularly with Revit, as I have almost no prior experience.
1. Explain the experiment
     a. Is there a control? Either nothing or my hand calc's

Testing:
I will be analyzing the beams, girders, and columns of 1 floor from using softwares such as Revit and SAP2000 and my hand calculations. The shear, moment, and deflection are particular results that will be used for comparison.
1. Prepare the Revit model and run the simulation, ~Week 7
2. Prepare the SAP2000 model and run the simulation, ~Week 6
3. Analyze the structure by hand, ~Week 6
4. Vary the parameters of the models to obtain different results, ~Week 7

Results:
After performing the experiment, I will attempt to statistically analyze the results. The mean and standard deviation are good places to start. ~Week 8

Conclusion:
Explain how useful the results are to the senior design project, how accurate they might be, and how others might be able to use them. Reflect on how the softwares have helped and how much more advanced they can get.


Comments on colleagues’ posts:

Albert Hanan

I would like to see how far Dynamo will enhance your project because I am also interested in learning about it for my senior design project. I am unfamiliar with the potential of Dynamo but I am interested to see if what you do with it can be applied to my work.

Christian Tait

I once saw a concept idea of incorporating GIS and AR together so that the locations of utilities underground can easily be located without having to read plans. This is actually feasible right now in Philadelphia as long as there is someone who is willing to combine all of the GIS models of every utility into one. From there, it is simply the AR side that needs to work and contractors will be able to use it immediately.

Hanyan Chen

My stance is that a computer cannot create something with aesthetics in mind because it has no understanding of what is artistic. Even when Prof. Mitchell showed us the video where a computer created music, the AI itself has no way of judging its work to be artistic or beautiful. Even if it is based on previous data from famous artists and musicians, it cannot tell if it looks or sounds pleasing to people. With that being said, I wonder how clients will appreciate a building done with AI through many iterations. I also don’t see an architect using AI if it hinders their creativity.

B4: Term Project Description

My project is an investigation into the automation of basic HVAC design, using Dynamo and manually created mechanical Revit families. The basic principles of Dynamo and family design for mechanical system components will be researched and then applied to a sample project, and then once refined, applied to my AE 391 building project. The family creation will not focus on in-depth modeling of the system, but more so generalized blocking of components to demonstrate how quick self-created, “dummy”, families can be used in conjunction with Dynamo, to perform a quick and accurate analysis for early HVAC system design.

The design will be applied to a simple project for testing and to my AE391 project. The AE 391 project is a building design project for a new academic, commercial and retail space on Drexel’s campus in Lot F. For the project, each of the building's systems, except electrical, must be designed. I intend to use Dynamo to simplify and automate the early mechanical analysis for the building.

My initial project idea was to create a detailed and fully complete mechanical family with numerous components. However, I decided to alter my project premise because I found the likelihood of an engineer at a firm actually creating a complete family quite low. Most companies already have their own sets of standard families for consistent design across the entire company, and if for specific design cases, equipment manufacturers typically have downloadable Revit families of their equipment.

I chose this project to develop my own skills with both Revit families and Dynamo, in order to acquire a better understanding of their capabilities and applications in the AEC industry. Hopefully, by the end of the project, I will have enough of an understanding of Dynamo to be able to apply it to my next Co-op or full-time job post-graduation, whenever automation possibilities arise. I am hoping that after completing this project, I will be able to identify things that can be automated in the daily regimen for a designer in the AEC industry, whenever I come by them in my career.  I think my biggest difficulty with this project will be the Dynamo programming due to my lack of Dynamo experience and the learning curve that comes with any new software.

Comments:

1) Albert,

It seems we are both trying to combine this project with our AE 391 project! I am excited to see what Dynamo scripts you come up with and what you are able to automate. Your idea to automate the dimensioning of the walls is a good one, considering how much time that took for our architectural assignment. I think I will also look into Lynda tutorials for Dynamo. I am hoping that by completing this project, I will become better at identifying tasks which could be automated. Good luck!

2) Maalik,

Interesting research topic! I like how specific the topic is. It seems you will have a lot of information to dig into for curtain wall assemblies. I know nothing about how curtain walls are installed, so I appreciate that you are planning to detail the conventional installation for curtain walls, and then how robots will affect or change that assembly. The potential of robots in construction seems to affect every discipline. It will be interesting to see how robots affect something as specific as curtain wall assembly.

3) Christian,

Once the technology becomes more accessible, augmented reality seems like it could be really interesting and effective in conjunction with traditional floor plans. I was also surprised by Derek’s discussion of AR, and how his firm is currently using it in some building designs. He made it sound like their current use of AR was quite limited, but the use of it at all is quite remarkable. The idea that you could directly compare as-built conditions with the model in real time, exactly where the forms are to be projected in a 3D environment sounds like something out of a science fiction movie. I am very interested in learning more about the current state of AR for the AEC industry from your project.

B4 - Outline and Feedback

In researching the ways that BIM has effected the construction side of our industry specifically, I came across one very in-depth article that essentially speaks to the varying "dimensions" that BIM allows for the modeling of as they pertain to the construction process. BIM models can be host to pertinent Construction-oriented data such as material cost analysis, Scheduling metrics, etc. The author refers to BIM software's granular data analysis capabilities as "n-Dimensional modeling" as a way of expressing how much more significant BIM is than being just a 3d model. Each of these dimensions has implications unique and sometimes exclusive to the construction side of our industry.
My paper will discuss Smith's article in detail and will also offer valuable statistics alluding to the impact that BIM implementation has had on productivity and profitability within the construction firms that have adopted it. These statistics will come from a variety of sources and be presented within context as to properly and fully highlight the impact that BIM has had on the Construction sector.

Comments on others:
Julie Anderson: I'm very interested in this topic as well. I feel that 3D printing has the potential to impact the construction industry much in the same way that modular building design has in the past, if not to a more severe degree. 3D printing enables massive reductions in material waste as well as allows for safe practices in conditions that would represent risk to human laborers. I look forward to learning about your findings regarding heat/moisture transfer and long-term sustainability of the practice.

Blas Andres Rodrigues Vieira:
This is a really solid choice for a topic. People are often excited to explore the "shiny" sci-fi aspects of BIM such as 3D printing and augmented reality modeling, however Security Engineering is an underrepresented field that also stands to massively benefit from advances in BIM technology. I spent one of my Co-Ops as a Security Engineer for PJM so I am familiar with much of the modern technology dating back as far as two years ago and prior- I am excited to see you explore this aspect of engineering.

B4:Group project_Future residential houses

Group project outline link

  The basic idea of this project is to learn about future residential buildings and to try to design a simple model. The propers of this project is to know how convenience the future residential house can be and what we as the future engineers can do to realize these ideas. In the final report, there will be two parts-90% of the research results and discussion about the future residential building and 10% of a BIM model for showing a better explanation for the future residential building. For the first part, the research results for the current buildings and future buildings will be displayed, the discussions, and the personal thinkings from the group members for the researching results. The discussion will focus on three aspects: the exterior, the house system with database controlling, and the environmentally friendly building, which specific for the energy saving and zero construction waste. For the BIM model, the 3D model, the floor plans, the elevations, and the sections will be showing in the report. This model will only be used to explain the idea, so the evaluation of the BIM model will be concise. BIM tools- Revit and Formit will be our tools to create the models. The models' properties are initially assumed: 10 years later, this four-people residential house will be located in Philadelphia, PA, USA. This house will be a 2,500 square foot two-story building with one-car parking and one storage. 

  Since there are three members in this group, labor separation is necessary for this relatively large project. Generally, every member should write about the personal thinking of the researching results. I will in charge of the current residential houses, and the model designing on the Revit and Formit. Chun Ming Tse will research the future residential buildings, and assist to draw the Revit model. Lin Qiaodanthe will be responsible for the discussion and conclusion. The research will be taking place on the Drexel online library, Prof. Mitchell's shared Evernote, and the Google search. As an example, here is the first piece of information for this project: link.

Comments:

Alec Silverstone: 

Your idea is very interesting. The robots will definitely play an essential role in the future intelligent building. Actually, some of the robots have already started to show their abilities for current buildings. The only thing I am worried about is your 3rd part of the report-the intelligent building design. Are you only going to talk about only the intelligent building? Or are you going to focus on the robotic technology-related story with the intelligent building? If you are doing the first one, won't that be abrupt? If you are doing the second one, I think you can combine this to the 2nd part of the report.

Christain Tait:

I am also interesting about the AR. I think AR is much more efficient than the 3D printed models because the size of the printed model is fixed, the editing of the model is tough and for some aspects, it is not accurate. And the 2D printed BIM models, those are showing the limit faces of the building and they are not intuitionistic. The AR can solve all these problems and even do better. However, currently, the AR model is only an idea so it may take a long time to come to be the truth.

Wenhan Fu:

Yes, you are right, future buildings will develop to be the intelligent building and the environmentally friendly building. I think these two parts cannot be separated, because saving the energy and environment is being the main part for a lot of other categories, for example, the vehicles-Tesla. You can start your research from the existing environmental friendly buildings, the environmental friendly certifications, such as BEAM Plus in Hongkong, LEED, BREEAM, and WELL.

B4- Project Outline

Topic selected: How Robotics Will Shape the Future of Intelligent Building Design/Construction

Type of project selected: Paper

1.        Introduction

1.        Background

2.        Motivation

2.        Robotics

1.        Benefits and Drawbacks

2.        Current Trends/Uses

3.        Potential for the Future

3.   Intelligent Building Design

1. Purpose 

2. Possible Improvements

      4.   Conclusion

            1. Summary

            2. Personal Feelings Towards the Subject

            3. Proposed Question

      5.   Appendix

            1. Relevant Figures

            2. Works Cited

            3. Miscellaneous Notes

            For this term project, I have elected to write a paper about robotics’ effect on the construction industry with a focus on the current trends and potential for the future of the industry. As we know, the development and integration of robotics into all aspects of fabrication such as stage design for shows, car manufacturing, and more has been on a consistent rise. We have come now to the question of robotics’ relevance to intelligent building design and production. 

In the paper, I will discuss the background relevant to understand the purpose of the paper as well as my own personal motivation to discuss this topic. I will then highlight the benefits of robotic integration as well as any drawbacks, while putting these into the context of modern trends in construction. I will build off of these ideas to describe my view of the future of this industry with regards to robotic integration. I will also describe the nature of intelligent building design to clarify its purpose and areas for improvement. At the end, I will be reiterating my beliefs as well as outlining a couple questions I have for the reader. I also intend to use relevant figures and make note of any findings I make along the way. 

In the past few years, I have really enjoyed the field of robotics and its potential for development in all areas of engineering. Personally, I really enjoy automotive engineering and robotics has taken that field by storm. It was a no-brainer to select robotics as my field of focus for this project, as we have touched on it quite often in class. I want to know how its development will affect the industry as well as the future of technology integration in human tasks and human careers.

            As for sources, I plan to make good use of the provided database of sources in Evernote. “Can Technology Solve Architects' Productivity Challenge?”, “Robots Will Take Jobs From Men”, and “The Construction Robots are Coming” are all good articles that will help develop my ideas for this project. In past terms, I have found that using sources is quite a demanding task, as most professors don’t provide the best resources. Thankfully, the large Evernote database of sources will make the integration of my ideas and others’ work seamless.

Sources Referenced: Baker, Kermit. Can Technology Solve Architects’ Productivity Challenge?AIA Architect. 3 January 2019.

Moley Robotics, Viki Knows, et al. The Construction Robots Are Coming. The B1M. 30 May 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKGGHdl3NyQ

Simonite, Tom. Robots Will Take Jobs from Men, The Young, and Minorities. Wired Business. 24 January 2019. https://www.wired.com/story/robots-will-take-jobs-from-men-young-minorities/

Adam Raifsnider, I really like that you have a strong interest in the field that you will be discussing in your project. It's important to have a vested interest in order to create a successful project. Your introduction is solid and your outline looks promising. I hope you enjoy doing your paper as much as I look forward to hopefully reading it.

Albert Hanan, I'm excited to see what you and Nick can produce. It's extremely helpful you already have a good idea of what you will be making as you have a good starting point going into this project.  Also, your mentioning of exceeding minimum requirements shows your drive and passion toward this field. I find it inspiring that you're going to actively keep progressive notes and work hard on this project. You show a great degree of dedication and passion and I hope your final project reflects that. The topic is great and your proposal is even better. Best of luck!

Ren, the idea of discussing BIM with respect to healthcare building design is quite a great one! Your outline is comprehensive and leaves me with a good idea of how the paper will be structured. Your early incorporation of citations shows you have a good grasp on writing scholarly papers. Your section choices for the outline look solid and it should be great!