Blog Post 6: Course Reflection

I did not have much of an idea of what the class would be like, but I am happy with what I got out of it. I enjoyed the fact that there was a wide variety of topics, especially ones that I did not know much about. I knew about Revit and Building Information Modeling, but I had not taken classes that discussed sensors, robots, or AI much at all. It was very useful to broaden my understanding of what goes into intelligent building and where future technology is headed.

I have a lot of experience with AutoCAD, but barely any experience with Revit. The Revit assignment was very helpful in getting me familiar with the program and the step-by-step instructions, as well as the video walkthrough, was very helpful. I would have liked a second part to this assignment that walked us through using Dynamo as well. The sensor database assignment was useful as well, both in creating a database in Access from scratch and from trying to find data on different sensors.

The lectures and videos on 3D printing, robotics, and AI were all very interesting to me. I had already seen some of the technology that was shown because of my personal interest, however, I had not been keeping up with the new developments. Being able to automatically 3D print buildings and other structures will cause drastic changes in our current infrastructure.

I enjoyed the guest lectures, especially Kayleigh’s because I had never heard of visual programming before. I had been thinking about looking for jobs in BIM so it definitely got me curious when she said, “BIM is dead.” However, this sent me down a path from Building Information Modeling to Visual Design and Construction to visual programming and generative design. Generative design was the topic of my project paper and I learned a lot about it.

Overall, this class was very helpful, and I will use what I’ve learned throughout my career. The discussions and blog posts taught me to research new technology and think/talk about what changes will occur. It is important to learn about future technology and stay ahead of it or else you will be left behind. 


Comments:
To Sean Reifer
I am jealous that you did your project on Dynamo. It was something that I wished the Revit assignment went into. I can learn it on my own, but as you mentioned, it is more challenging to work through it on your own. A video walkthrough detailing exactly what you are trying to accomplish is very helpful in learning quickly.

To Nick Maloney
I agree that we learned about a lot of different topics, but did not have enough time to go in depth with each of them. It was definitely useful to get some information from the various topics, but there are some topics that I wish we went into in more depth. I believe the idea of the project was to allow us to pick what topic we wanted to learn more about during the course and do our own research which worked well.

Yicheng Li
I also learnd a lot of new things about 3D printing, sensors, and databases. I agree that the blogs helped us learn about something new and write about them almost every week as well as read other people's findings. My project focused on generative design which could become a problem when it comes to reducing or eliminating certain jobs. However, I believe some jobs will remain and their tasks will be altered and some new jobs will be created due to the changes within each industry.

Blog Post 4: Project Outline

How Visual Programming Improves Upon BIM and What’s Next

The topic of my paper is going to briefly introduce what visual programming is and how it got introduced to the construction industry. It is interesting to think about because construction and programming historically haven't been related at all. I then will discuss some ways that visual programming currently improves upon BIM. The first use is programmed 3D modeling which allows users to change certain inputs into a program and a model will automatically be generated. This saves a lot of time and makes changes to a design simple which avoids headaches. Another benefit of visual programming is being able to transfer information between different software automatically. Taking data from an Excel sheet and manually inputting it into a different program or vice versa has been a very time-consuming process usually given to interns or new employees. However, with visual programming, the information can be transferred automatically once the code has been written. I will then discuss what the future looks like and what may replace/improve upon visual programming. One thing that could definitely replace visual programming is Generative Design which is AI that can generate many versions of a structure based on your parameters automatically. Architects will need to stay ahead of this so that they do not get phased out by the technology. 3D printing buildings could add to Generative Design in that buildings could eventually be designed and built completely with AI technology by just giving it certain design requirement inputs. Finally, I will summarize the points that I made throughout the report and give my personal predictions for what the future of the construction industry may be like.

Comments:

1. Albert Hanan
I like that you are trying to incorporate Dynamo in different, new ways that will improve your model and make it easier to work with. I think you should definitely take some time to research all the different ways you can improve the model like automatically inserting windows at certain dimensions throughout the building. You have a lot of time to incorporate new things into your project and it will be interesting to see how much more you can do.

2. Hanyan Chen
Your topic is very important for the future of sustainable design. It will be interesting to read the paper that you come up with by the end of the term. Hopefully, adaptable housing and sustainable design will become more and more popular. I am looking forward to hearing about the impact that BIM has on design style, sustainability, construction, and the real estate industry as a whole. 


3. Christian Tait
This is something that I am also interested in and I'm looking forward to hearing about your project at the end of the term. The applications that you mentioned are interesting and AR is already being implemented in other areas today that you could discuss. You may even want to discuss the pros and cons of VR vs AR and how each can benefit BIM in their own way.

Blog Post 4 Borrelli

Title: Use of AI in the Lifecycle of a building

Topic: I will discuss how AI is used now and how it can be used in the future during the Design, Construction and Life of the building.

Project Type: Paper

Key Points

1. How the Architectural Industry is using AI right now 
2. How The Architectural Industry can use AI in the future
3. How the Architectural Industry benefits from increased use of AI
4. Potential Downfalls of using AI in the Architectural Industry
5. Feasibility of Implementing AI in the Industry 

1. Introduction to AI
1. What is AI 
2. How does AI work
3. Can AI be used in the Architectural Industry 
2. Current Use of AI in the Design Process
1. How is AI currently being used 
2. How is it currently benefiting the industry 
3. Inclusion of AI in BIM
3. Future use of AI in Design 
1. My personal view on where AI can be used in this sector
2. AI projects that are already in development 
3. How the projects claim to improve the industry 
4. Current use of AI in construction 
1. How is AI currently being used 
2. How is it currently benefiting the industry 
3. Inclusion of Doxel Robot
4. Inclusion of Built Robotics autonomous bulldozer 
5. Future use of AI in construction
1. My personal views on where AI can be used in the sector
2. AI projects that are already in development. (Humanoid Robots)
3. How the projects claim to improve the industry 
6. Current use of AI in Building’s lifetime 
1. How AI is currently being used 
2. How is it currently benefiting the industry 
3. Inclusion of Zaha Hadid Architecture Analytics 
4. Inclusion of Google Deepmind AI HVAC
7. Future use of AI in Buildings Lifetime
1.  My personal views on where AI can be used in the sector 
2. AI projects that are already in development. (Security, HVAC, Productivity)
3. How projects claim to improve the industry 
8. How Feasible is implementing AI 
1. Challenges of implementation 
2. Likely Timeframes 

9. Cons of implementing AI
1. Why AI might not be the future
2. How AI can hurt the industry
10. Conclusion 
1. Do the pros of AI outweigh the cons 
2. Reiterate facts about future and current use of AI as it relates to the feasibility

For my term project I will be researching the use of AI currently and in the future throughout the life cycle of a building. I will be starting at its conception in the design phase, then move to its use in construction and lastly, how it can be used for the rest of the life of the building. For the design process I aim to focus on AI being leveraged in BIM modeling. I would like to see how it is being used now and what its limitations are which can be improved upon in the future.  Next I will go over the current use of AI in the construction industry. I will review the Doxel Robot that we have seen in class as well as autonomous construction vehicles. I will then go over some humanoid robot projects and how they claim to function and improve the industry. Lastly I will go over the rest of the life of the building. I will talk about Zaha Architecture Analytics and how they are improving productivity in buildings with the use of sensors and then I will discuss Google’s Deeplearn AI’s ability to reduce HVAC running costs. Then I will talk about the future of AI as it relates to security, climate control, productivity and networks in a building. By the end of the project I hope to have a much deeper understanding of where this industry stands and where it is headed with respect to Artificial Intelligence. 

Comments:

Alec Silverstone: I’m excited to see what you find as far as robotics in the construction field. Like you said there are a lot of industries that are benefiting from robotics already such as the car industry. I’m curious to see what solutions are out there to make those types of robots more mobile. 

Christian Tait: I agree that AR is going to be a huge part of the Architectural Industry. Being able to overlay data and items over a project site in real time will be incredibly valuable in making the design and construction process run more fluidly. I’m excited to see what you find as far as what is being done already and what can be done in the future with this technology. 

Kyle Breiman: I like the idea of looking into 3D printing of steel. I’m curious how viable it could really be in a wide variety of scenarios. I personally believe that there is enough space in the paper to include the glass and concrete though.

  

Blog 3 - Future of BIM

Since the start of this course, we have been looking at current technologies and advancements applied to buildings. In which we have look to different technologies, that even that they are applied to other fields, some people use these principles and apply them into building technologies. After watching the in-class video from Autodesk University called “The Future of BIM Will Not Be BIM” it is clear the current advancements done in building design, in which BIM makes easier the things like design, share data and simulation. This combined with other aspects such as algorithms are constantly present in the design of new buildings to make it more efficient, precise and to bring new ideas into the table.

After discussing with my group, we have come up with some ideas of the advancements in 10 years, trying to apply what we know and try to come up with future applications of the principles. Among many of our ideas the most predominant were: the use of AI in the future and how it will play a role, the use of CNC machining for the creation of complex shapes, the use of augmented reality on site.

               Talking about the AI role, the team agreed with some of the scope from the in-class video, in which the person speaking said that AI provides a group of best options that match the parameters established. However, AI do not have a feel for aesthetics like an architect yet. As a result, we are still depending of the decision of an architect to choose the best option among the ones provided by the AI. In 10 years, we believe that AI will take in consideration aesthetic parameters and make better decisions in which he will provide less options.

               In the other hand, on site creation of complex shapes consumes a lot of resources and an excessive amount of time. In 10 years, we believe that CNC machining will be easily transported to a site in which complex shapes will be quickly designed. There are currently great projects that can do this type of complex shapes, but the limited mobility and the extensive amount of time make this procedure expensive and uncommon in most construction. We believe that in 10 years this will be more common and affordable.

               Finally, augmented reality has been booming the past could of years. The advancements done in this area has not only helped the entertainment industry, but the manufacturing industry, health industry and even construction has been developing this technology to take advantage of its potential. In 10 years, we believe that the use of Augmented Reality will be part of the construction site by allowing the workers see the whole design in 3D in the site and allow the to understand better where to place each thing and provides them with all the information of each element.

Hanyan Chen

Your idea of using robotics in the construction site in the future is really close to what we thought about CNC machining. However, your point in which robots replace human force is great. This will make the process of construction not only faster but safer and more precise. By eliminating the human error, we could achieve enormous and precise structures. I hope that in 10 years we are that far.

Matt Mullen

It is clear that BIM provide excellent benefits to the owners. I do believe that I 10 years the software will be much easier to use, and owners will have access to the database that BIM provides. This will not only give a better idea on how the owner want to make changes, but it will give him a better understanding of the status of the construction and the plans to the future.

Yidi Li
I can clearly see how BIM has to also evolve as AI develops towards the future. AI being a huge technology in which we are closer to achieve can bring enormous changes to our buildings. I can see BIM providing all the database of the elements in the design and AI using it to come up with the best performance possible of the building. It is clear that software will need to be updated once AI comes to play a big role. I can see it in 10 years, but today we are too inexperienced with AI to be able to implement it.

B3 "Bill Allen Future of BIM" Robert Borrelli

B3

Robert Borrelli

In 2016, AutoDesk University’s Bill Allen Claimed that the future of BIM will not be BIM and it’s coming faster than you think. Bill Allen believes that within the next 10 years the AEC industry is going to become more automated than ever. Instead of deciding where doors, windows, walls and rooms will be located, we will rely on AI to maximize functionality an efficiency. This will be done by letting the computer make decisions when given a set of parameters to abide by. Then there will be multiple options for the user to choose from and they can see what is best for the project.

I believe that Bill Allen is correct as far as where the future of the AEC industry is going. I believe that the use of AI will dramatically improve the speed at which designs can be finalized and will give birth to new ideas that humans have never thought of. I do, however, believe that the time frame that Bill Allen suggests is a bit short. It will be hard for automation to take place on a large scale in as little as 10 years. I believe there will be much hesitation from the people in the AEC industry. More specifically, I think that the older generation will have a hard time accepting this as a new norm. They have been doing things their way for a long time and they may see this as a threat to their job. It will be much harder for them to get a grasp of this new technology compared to recent graduates who may have been exposed to it during their education. In addition to some people feeling threated by the new technology, cost also has a great deal to do with the feasibility of automation becoming mainstream in the AEC industry. While larger firms may be able to dive into this technology, smaller firms may not be able to afford the software, or the training required to operate it. I believe it will take longer than the 10 years that Bill Allen predicts for the price of implementing automation to lower to an acceptable level.

Comments:

Christian Tait- I completely agree that BIM’s uses are just going to increase over time as more technology is introduced into the field. I think that using AR and VR with a BIM model could really help get a close to real-life visualization which will help architects make a more informed decision about a project.

Hanyan Chen- I also agree that Data is an extremely important part of the future of this industry. Being able to neatly store and share data to whoever needs it will make the process of designing and building a structure much more fluid.

Aaron Goldberg- I agree with your “adopting” analogy. I don’t think that what Bill Allen is talking about will be fully integrated into the industry and will only be done by the biggest, most forward-thinking companies. I think that 20 years is a good estimate as to when full integration will happen.

Implementation of BIM for Engineers in 10 years

I would like to write this blogpost from the discussion in class last week. As I was discussing with my group last week, I believed that the AI of BIM could be implemented for Engineers in 10 years. After the class discussion from the other groups, I did start to wonder if 10 years might be too short time.

From personal experience with Rhino and Grasshopper I briefly learned to use in a course back home at DTU (Technical University of Denmark), I believe that this technology and parametric design will fast be implemented in the industry. More and more Architectural Engineering firms in Denmark are beginning to use theses design tools for parametric designs, why I believe that it will become more and more implemented in engineering firms. On the other hand, I found the programs very difficult to learn due to the complexity of the spaghetti like structure in which you build the model. Some of my fellow classmates picked up on how to use the program very quickly and they are very good at using it. People like these will easily get a job within this field. As we were discussing in class last week, a problem for implementing this AI of BIM is the time and cost, which made me realize that 10 years might be a little too short time for it to be implemented properly. Another problem in having this implemented within 10 years is the steep learning curve that comes with new technology and software. This technology needs to be implemented more widely at universities so students that will be joining the labor market after school have learned this technology and can implement it in the engineering firms. Another issue is the older generation of engineers. They will probably find it more difficult to adapt to this technology, just like when Revit was introduced. Some firms and engineers still use AutoCAD instead of Revit. This I believe will also be the case for AI BIM technology; it is the new generation of engineers that will be implementing this technology to the industry. Therefore, I have come to the conclusion that I think 10 years is too short time, but AI BIM will be implemented more and more widely in the future.

Comments:

YIDI LI:

I also believe that BIM programs like Rhino and Grasshopper as showed in the video could also help make design decisions for reducing material cost and optimize a sustainable design. I agree that it will take more than 10 years to have this implemented.

Weiyi Tang:

I like how you describe the process of the 3D printing of houses and how it has developed. Here you say that you cannot predict how the 3D printing construction will go in 10 years. I don’t think that the Grasshopper and Dynamo will be fully implemented in 10 years. Yes, humans are making the decisions and the programs are providing the reasonable options, but the humans still have to learn to use and implement the technology and program, so I think it will take more than 10 years.

Jenny Fretta:

I also believe that BIM will have a significant effect on the productivity of building design in the future, from the experience from the past – how Revit has been implemented in many companies so far, making processes faster and less human errors.

B3-How far will the AEC industry go in 10 years?

The computers used half-century to walk into ordinary people's life. How long will it take for the AEC industry? There was an advertising slogan for 4G (the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology) when the 3G was commonly used several years ago-"The future is here." However, now, in China, 5G has already walked into our life. Therefore, the future is never far away from us. In Bill's presentation, I agree with his appointment that data optimization is the AEC industry's future. I believe that for one day, those AI BIMs and the robots will take an important role in the building designing process and take some jobs from the designers, but how long will they take? Ten years? Or another half-century?

About five years ago, the 3D printed residential houses were selling in some countries, which were high-efficiency for both money and time, and even environmental friendly since the printer was using construction wastes as the ink. However, for 2019, most buildings are still constructing by human beings. Why? It is because the technology for 3D printing houses is not progressed enough to receive the truths from the public. For the safety reasons, most of those 3D-printed buildings were dismantled in several months after built. It is improving, but not good enough. So we cannot predict how far the 3D printing construction will go in 10 years. 

For the Grasshopper and the Dynamo, which are the BIM programs that Bill mentioned in the presentation, since the sample programs have already been created, and they were only going to feed the applicable algorithmic modelings to the Revit and let the designers choose the model at the last, I am holding a positive viewpoint for their developments in following 10 years. Since human is still the object to make the final decisions, and the program itself is only providing reasonable options, this method is similar for nowadays’ AI working theory. Like the food delivery apps, it will help you to get rid of those far restaurants, the food you do not like, and show up all the options with a rated list. All you need to do is to choose your food at the last step. 

The AEC industry will realize the data optimization, but this will not come true instantaneously, and this might be a long journey so that it can be ten years, 20 years or a half-century. Haste makes waste, so nothing should go in a rush. The human beings already finished a lot of amazing pioneering works in 10,000 years, which is an extremely short period for the Earth, which is about 4.5 billion years old. Bill said in the presentation that we are fortunate for living now because many exciting things are happening. Future will be here, and the future will never be far away from us. 

Works cited:

Allen, Bill. “The Future of BIM Will Not Be BIM—and It's Coming Faster than You Think.” YouTube, uploaded by Autodesk University, 23 November 2016,   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xq6yKyauu-o

Comments:


Matt Mullen:

I agree with you that the VR walkthrough will be more popular than the 3D printing models in the future. One is because the VR will cost less money and the 3D printing models might create wastes. The other reason is that the 3D printed model is a static model and VR is an intuitionistic digital model, so if the model needs any change, VR walkthrough model is only going to change the alternative part while the 3D model is going to be rebuilt entirely.



Gabriel Grajewski:

I agree with you because I believe that to realize the data optimization will take a long time for the AEC industry, but I do not have an exact idea about how long it will be. Although they are progressing the data manipulation, the data gathering is still the central part of the AEC industry. Many examples, which Bill provided in the presentation, were the underlying ideas and samples. Therefore, the data optimization is not easy to be realized in only ten years.



Jenny Fretta:

Like you, I doubt that 3D printing will be used to construct an entire building ten years later. Because of the limitation of the materials, the development of the 3D-printing technique for the building was not fast in the past ten years. The limitation of the materials will still be a problem either before founding or creating new material or another printing method. Although the improving speed is ideal, the progress of it never stops. The road is 3D printable now, so it is sure that 3D printing will assist a lot for the construction in the future.

Blog 3- What are the possible future advantages of Revit/BIM?

BIM helps collaborate project information for all parties involved using three dimensional design applications that make it simple for everyone to understand the project expectations. This includes, but is not limited to: scheduling, budgeting, operations, and maintenance. This will give companies a an advantage in organization, accuracy, and precision. This is especially useful in budgeting for projects because it is less likely for human error to occur if the program is taking into account the costs as you're creating it.

The programs included in BIM help make visualizing the project easy for the clients, while also allowing all the subcontractors to see what is expected of them and how their interactions with other subcontractors will be throughout the project. An example of this is creating 3D models and providing virtual tours for clients, which we can only assume will advance over time as the quality of graphics and design technologies enhances.

I think in the next 10 years we will not be able to print entire buildings, but we will be able to 3D print components and possibly expedite the process of materials gathering. I think we also will be looking at very advanced modeling, which can either translate to making Revit even more detailed and user friendly or allowing someone in virtual reality to manipulate and create their surroundings. I don't think that BIM is the only thing advancing in our field but I do think that it will have a significant effect on the productivity of building design.

Cited Sources:
(1) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Accelerating_BIM_Adoption_Action_Plan.pdf
(2) https://futureofconstruction.org/blog/artificial-intelligence-meets-construction/
(3) https://futureofconstruction.org/blog/how-automation-and-technology-will-change-the-buildings-we-live-in-2/

Comments:
Hailey- I agree with you that Revit is much more common in the structural field than AutoCAD and that it's much more user friendly for people of all ages because it's more intuitive. I'm a little surprised that not many companies you've heard of or have had experience with aren't using these programs as much because I feel that eventually it'll be the standard of design.

Nick- I completely agree that someone without an extensive technological degree would be able to edit the AI parameters set by the user inputs. I think that in the next 10 years, the bugs of BIM programing will not be completely solved. But I do think the advancements will make things closer to realistic and allow the user to design more accurately.

Group B Week 3 Thursday Group Discussion

We think that the AI BIM can be useful in the future. The engineers can still have input of the models but the AI can spit out options.

Although CNC machining parts of a building can cost a lot of time and money, simple parts can be done extremely quickly.

The price of machining complex parts can go down and the design of the parts can be done by AI in 10 years.

Interoperability will be better in 10 years. Softwares such as Revit, Dynamo, and Rhino can work together seamlessly.

Pushing for these changes can greatly influence the way students are taught architectural engineering in the future.

Chapter 5: BIM for Architects and Engineers

BIM software can be used in every stage of the construction process. They are commonly used for developing construction level information and the design and analysis of building structures. Another helpful service that BIM software provides is the ability to coordinate design integration. These three services are imperative to intelligent building design. Google Sketchup, IES, Vectorworks, and Revit are several of the most commonly used softwares to mass buildings, meet programming requirements, conduct environmental analyses, execute energy analysis, and create construction level documents.

Revit is often used as a link to other software to reduce redundant design. If a Revit model is constructed well, the amount of redundant data input required from auxiliary software is minimized. Add ons for other software are available to perform even more specific tasks. For example, Apache HVAC, is used by IES to complete HVAC plant calculations. This is an area that I have personally worked in.  The advantage that a central BIM model provides over traditional drawings is that it can be analyzed directly and offers an array of information that can be extrapolated for engineers efficiently. [1]

Structural analysis can also be completed from a central BIM model. By using RAM, structural engineers can ensure design integrity under a varying set of design conditions. BIM also allows for efficient building scheduling. Revit can be used to assign material properties which can be extrapolated into tables within the software. Additionally, construction phases and design sets can be used for different building options and phasing for construction.

Additional advantages that BIM has provided over the course of its life include the fabrication and design of unique parts which was traditionally impossible. However, using BIM models, fabricators can take a 3-D drawing and manufacture abstract shapes. Another advantage of BIM software is the ability to value engineer. Engineers can analyze and compare different building systems to provide the most economical solutions to their clients. Additionally, the ease of early exploration of building massing and programming ensures that architects create the best experience for clients in a building.

Sources:

[1] Sacks, Rafael. BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Designers, Engineers, Contractors, and Facility Managers. Wiley, 2018.

Comments:
Adam Raifsnider:

 I have also noticed the lack of access to 3-D models by smaller contractors. I think for BIM to reach its full potential, it is imperative that all parties involved in the creation of a building have access to 3-D models. I also think with the emergence of AI and 3-D printing on construction sites, we will reduce the need for subcontractors, and the subcontractors who do remain will have the technology to allow them to see a real time 3-D model containing addendums and changes to the original design.

Alec Silverstone:

 In order for contractors to make less mistakes in construction design, and for engineers to produce plans that accurately reflect what contractors will actually build, there should be contractors present during the design process of a building. I think contractors and engineers have a responsibility to coordinate physical construction to meet client demands and occupant safety.

Christian Tate:

 It has been the responsibility of engineers and architects to produce an accurate set of plans that reflect industry standards. It is interesting to think about the possibility of this being translated to three dimensions as construction documents shift away from paper and towards building models. Hopefully, this improves as design professionals will have standards built into the software they use.

B1: 3D Printing, Robotics, AI

In the construction industry, 2D technical modeling (elevations, floor plans, etc) is used to demonstrate the layout of real life structures. The transition from the use of 2D CAD to 3D CAD can be instrumental in multiple ways. In small scale, one can make 3D physical models layer by layer in order to give a client a visual representation. On a larger scale, there have been examples of 3D printed buildings made of layers of mortar and are designed through 3D CAD programming. The buildings are cheap, quickly made, and require less waste than a standard construction project. The downside to 3D printing is that there will be a huge cut in jobs for the construction material and labor industries since this will be the cheapest and fastest option for construction.

On a similar note, having robotics implemented into construction could make jobs less dangerous for humans by putting the risk on a robot, which can be repaired, rather than a person. This could mean anything from jobs at high heights to lifting heavy materials. The issue with robotics is that it will also take jobs from the industry, which is already struggling as shown by the amount of failing roads and bridges in the United States. Robotics could range from physical robots doing labor to sensors that help monitor the control systems of the building. By implementing computer based systems rather than human interaction, the amount of error could be reduced significantly since a program will consistently do the same thing. 

On another hand, if you implement an AI system then you are putting the computer in a position to develop and change with day to day results. There are many benefits, but also many down sides to AI systems and the direction the industry is headed. Work is faster, there are less errors, things are done more precisely, and AI has the ability to adapt based on the data presented to reduce errors. But AI is also dangerous because humanity will not be able to keep up with the advances of AI and we could end up in a situation where we rely on AI for everything. There is a difference between using AI to help us improve our own knowledge and techniques, and using it at a convenience because we're trying to find the easiest way out of doing it ourselves. The same applies for other AI operated technologies. The thing that is most concerning is how easy it is to feed wrong information to an AI system and create an unsafe situation. If someone were to hack your self-driving vehicle and take you somewhere or crash your car, there wouldn't be a way that the person in danger could stop that. In terms of construction I find that AI is extremely useful in digital building systems implemented into the building (heat control from a device, sensor triggered security systems, etc), but I do worry about the dependence of man on technology. 

Works Cited

[1] https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/3880/6/strathprints003880.pdf

[2] https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-43411581

[3] https://www-engineeringvillage-com.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/search/doc/abstract.url?&pageType=quickSearch&usageZone=resultslist&usageOrigin=searchresults&searchtype=Quick&SEARCHID=d309a5beM79dbM4505M9143Mce618b1ccea0&DOCINDEX=1&ignore_docid=inspec_M2999691651feb9f11M3dc51017816339&database=8388611&format=quickSearchAbstractFormat&tagscope=&displayPagination=yes

Comments

1. Kyle, I completely agree that people are trying to play God by creating artificial intelligence systems that are far above humanities ability to learn. It's playing with fire to create something that we don't have the ability to completely understand and what it's potential effects are, especially if we create something sentient.

2. Sean, I read a few similar articles to the ones that you wrote about for 3D printing and I find it so interesting how quickly these structures can be created when there are millions of people who don't have homes. At a cost of $30/month, thousands of people in El Salvador can have the opportunity to have a roof over their heads. 

Blog 1 – Robotics, AI, BIM and Future

Blog 1 – Robotics, AI and Future
Week 2
Hanyan Chen
B1
Robotics, AI and Future

Robotics
Robotic Milkers and an Automated Greenhouse: Inside a High-Tech Small Farm
It was a significant year for robotics and autonomous system. Robotics is being hotly debated whether it will make humans' life better and safer or not. This article is talking about a small farm called Rivendale Farms in Bulger using the cutting-edge technology includes milking machine, sensors to monitor the movement, health condition of the animals and sensors to control temperature, humidity and sunlight for crops. It became a laboratory for the robotic technology for smaller farms. The farm’s dairy operation is overseen by one staff now while it will need five workers without the robotics technology. [1] This kind of robotics is applied to improve the efficiency, and reduce the pressure comes from labor shortage, and it is generally changing the small farms and make humans' life better.

AI and Future
This clever AI hid data from its creators to cheat at its appointed task
Is this the year 'weaponized' AI bots do battle?
Unlike robotic technology, AI has always been a controversial topic. I saw there is an article in the beginning of 2018, Is this the year 'weaponized' AI bots do battle?, which asked if AI is our enemy or ally. In this article, AI will allow for early diagnosis in order to save heart and cancer patients. But the question is what will be limit for AI that it will not do things out of control. On the other hand, will humans' safety been ensured while AI-powered system is working. [2] There is another article published at the end of 2018, This clever AI hid data from its creators to cheat at its appointed task, which is talking about the machine learning agent "intended to transform aerial images into street maps and back was found to be cheating by hiding information it would need later in a nearly imperceptible, high-frequency signal" [3]. As the technology is developing, the voice of debating is never stopped for this topic. It is a topic related to ethic, and is always easy to catch people's eyes. AI, as still a debated topic, will have to be researched more in a way that ensures humans life in the future.

Work Cited:
[1]Robotic Milkers and an Automated Greenhouse: Inside a High-Tech Small Farm
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/13/technology/farm-technology-milkers-robots.html
[2]This clever AI hid data from its creators to cheat at its appointed task
https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/31/this-clever-ai-hid-data-from-its-creators-to-cheat-at-its-appointed-task/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Techcrunch+%28TechCrunch%29
[3]Is this the year 'weaponized' AI bots do battle?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42559967

Comments:

To Lin
I totally agree that the technology is the biggest influence on the productivity. Technology is always the way to make things more efficient. Not only robots for manufacturing, but also AI technology, which make people's life more convenient. It is also an aspect that increase the efficiency of people's life.

To Samantha, 
Thanks for your post, I am amazed that AI and robotics are being used for art now. Robotics are used to be used for completing dangerous but simplex work. Now it is used for improving efficiency. It is amazing that AI can be such creative for an artwork. It is a mix of science and art.

Blog 1 - Robotics, AI, 3-D printing, Future

Over the past few years there has been a significant increase in the use of AI for everyday tasks. Over the years various industries have made advancements and incorporated these technologies into their work. AI is most commonly known for its use in places such as hospitals and warehouses. These robots and drones are used in place of humans to complete tasks and tend to do so more accurately and efficiently. In more recent years AI is proving to be more versatile than it was originally thought to be, proving to have a creative side as well as a technical side. AI and more specifically robots are now being used for art. This includes sculpting, glassmaking, tattoos and music. Not only are these robots able to mimic artists movements to replicate their artwork, some are able to work on their own and analyze materials in order to create artwork. An example of this is artist Prokop Bartonicek and Benjamin Maus use of a robotic arm in order to analyze and organize river rock. The robot was able to sort the stones by their geological age creating a history base art installation [1]. Another project I found interesting from the article, "10 Mind Blowing Projects of Robots in Creative Industries" was the 3D printed rock installation. The rock print was an example of fully reusable structures. The 3-D printer used loos granular material and wraps it in a textile filament as it is constructed. In this type of construction, the material is not changed and upon deconstruction of the structure the material can be reused [1].

Originally 3-D printing was done using a plastic material. Now there are 3-D printers for many different types of materials including: metal, plastic, glass and clay. MIT recently announced their new 3-D printer, G3DP2, which prints molten glass into 3-D structures. The system not only is able to create decorative pieces, but glass structures that can be used for building [2]. These are just a few examples of advancements that have been made with AI, 3-D printing and robotics in recent years. Its expected that these technologies will continue to advance and become a larger part of our everyday lives.

[1] “10 Mind-Blowing Projects of Robots in Creative Industries.” Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, 21 July 2017, www.designboom.com/technology/robots-in-creative-industries-07-23-2017/.

[2] Biggs, John. “MIT Researchers Are Now 3D-Printing Glass.” TechCrunch, TechCrunch, 31 Dec. 2018, techcrunch.com/2018/12/31/mit-researchers-are-now-3d-printing-glass/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A%2BTechcrunch%2B%28TechCrunch%29.


Responses:

Jenny, you make a great point about how using AI in construction can reduce risk and improve efficiency. I think another area of construction this technology can help with is when projects run into delays. Often times construction companies will spend money to increase the number of workers, overtime hours and number of shifts. Overtime hours can take a toll on workers and reduce productivity. A solution to this would be to use AI to work the additional shifts and overtime hours. With AI you don't have to worry about them getting tired or have concerns about them working late at night and early in the morning when it's still dark outside. There is definitely still a concern though that over time we will use this technology not only to help with tasks, but we will rely on the robots and drones to do the task entirely and replace people.

Laney, I agree that sensor technology is important for HVAC. I think the Keen Home vents are an interesting use of this technology. In a way this technology advances residential HVAC design by creating zones that are on a schedule. In most homes vents are always open because people don't think to close them when they are done in a room, by automating this aspect of HVAC you improve the efficiency of a residential system.

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Blog Post 1: How Robotics and AI Will Benefit the Construction Industry

Robotics and AI are already being utilized in various industries and are beginning to develop in the construction industry. Many aspects of the industry are going to change dramatically because of construction automation [1]. While some traditional roles will be filled by this automation, safety and efficiency will increase dramatically and new jobs will be created where positions will need to be filled.

Some issues that we currently face are low quality work due to unskilled or unprofessional laborers, safety concerns associated with certain tasks, and deadlines must be met to keep a project on schedule. Construction automation will address each of these issues and more. Robots would be programmed and/or taught how to complete a task and will perfectly execute that task any number of times [2]. They would be able to complete dangerous tasks without the risk of any person being injured or killed on the job. And lastly, construction automation would mean that the job site is active at all hours of the day. Traditionally, three 8-hour shifts would be very costly and overtime would have to be paid on weekends. However, you would only need specific supervisors and technicians to keep an eye on the robots throughout the day which would be cost effective and greatly increase the overall timeline of construction.

3D printing and robots would greatly improve the speed and quality of specific tasks on a job site. Entire structures are already being created out of certain materials and the speed of the printing itself will only increase as time goes on. Also, very repetitive tasks such as masonry work would be more precise and cost-effective [3]. Many of these robots are already being used and developed so that they will be more affordable and more efficient in the future. I believe that these machines will be used on almost every major construction project in the near future.


[1] Robotics Online Marketing Team. "Construction Robots Will Change the Industry Forever." Robotics.org. 17 April 2018. https://www.robotics.org/blog-article.cfm/Construction-Robots-Will-Change-the-Industry-Forever/93

[2] The B1M. “The Construction Robots Are Coming | The B1M.” YouTube. 30 May 2018. www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKGGHdl3NyQ

[3] Hamakareem, Madeh Izat. "Construction Automation – Applications and Advantages in Construction." The Constructor. 2018. https://theconstructor.org/construction/construction-automation-applications-advantages/16644/

Response 1: Andy Kuriatnikov
I agree that sensors are key to intelligent building operation. I look forward to when buildings will run themselves and will keep occupants safe and comfortable just by using sensors. I like that you mentioned the internet of things because it really is where we are headed. Reducing energy consumption is also an important factor in future building construction.

Response 2: Aaron Goldberg
We mentioned a few of the same things when it comes to AI and future jobs in the construction industry. The industry will benefit a low but some traditional jobs will be phased out. We will need to adapt to the changes or, even better, get ahead of the changes. I like that you mentioned that the quality of work will be better and the cost of the work will be lower.

Response 3: Hailey Ihlow
I like how to mention that we will advance as technology does. You make a good point that we need to think about what the future of technology will look like so that we can understand the pros and cons of them. We are already seeing the pushback against self-driving cars even though the technology is almost there. It will be interesting to use technology that does not need any form of replaceable or rechargeable battery in the future.

Blog 1 - AI versus jobs

AI is a growing industry that the world is still playing with to figure out the best means and methods to develop and then utilize.  Social media and the news commonly bring up AI robots being used in the medical field as a nurse, hotels to bring room service, or single family homes to clean up while the owners are at work.  Some of these uses are more developed than others, as they are simpler tasks, however that does not mean that AI researchers are not looking at more complex uses.  The article posted to Evernote by Dr. Mitchell reviews the various conferences that were held in 2018 to discuss the various uses and ongoing research exploring AI, which can be found in reference [1] below. 

3-D Printing robots are currently being used in the construction industry utilizing AI technology to make manufacturing processes easier, faster, and cheaper.  Some manufacturers of glass curtain walls for buildings are using robotic arms to spray sealant into the joints of the glass and frame.  One of the methods that this is done, is the robot will take a BIM file of the glass and frame so it knows what it is looking at, and will then scan the entire pane and frame to confirm that the BIM drawing is correct.  Then, it will begin installing the sealant into the joint that was just scanned before moving onto the next unit.  This process is extremely helpful for larger panes of glass, as it does not require a person to move around the pane to reach all of the joints, and there is no chance of the sealant being accidentally disturbed once installed.  The margin of error is lower, and the quality of the work product is higher [2].  Even though the workers who did this type of work will lose their jobs, new, higher level jobs will be created for maintaining the robotic arm, AI software, and developing the BIM drawings to input into the AI software.  It is true that some jobs get lost when robots are brought into an industry, but often time tech jobs are created at the same time.

                Looking towards the future, in the next 20-30 years, I predict that a large number of labor jobs in the construction and manufacturing industries will be replaced with robots, especially as new technologies are developed, instigating new companies to be created.  Following my earlier point, these lost jobs will be replaced to some degree with high leveled tech jobs like software engineers or CAD drafters to assist the AI software and robots with their tasks.  Quality assurance managers may also be needed in higher demand as robots take over the labor focused work force, as no manufacturer wants 1,000 units of a product to be made wrong, when the alternative is to have 1 staff member double check the AI software’s work.

Works Cited:

[1] 1842796659272142. “2018 Year-in-Review: AI & Machine Learning Conferences.” Heartbeat, Heartbeat, 20 Dec. 2018, heartbeat.fritz.ai/2018-year-in-review-ai-machine-learning-conferences-3fb41fbc902e.

[2] B1M, The. “The Construction Robots Are Coming | The B1M.” YouTube, YouTube, 30 May 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKGGHdl3NyQ.

Response 1

Gabriel Grajewski

It is interesting that you discussed building surveys so much in your research.  I have also done surveys of buildings, and I found that after 2-3 hours, it becomes extremely laborious and starts to become sloppy.  If a computer were to take over that task, the quality could be consistent throughout the entire inspection, and like you said, they may be able to reach areas and views that humans cannot.  Drones are also becoming a big piece of building inspections, occasionally equipped with cameras for video or IR readings.  I believe many new developments will happen in the coming 5 years that outdate what is being done even today.

Response 2

Richard Kimball

The industry of cybersecurity is growing, and has been for years.  I like the articles you chose and the points you made, as it draws attention to this, and the fact that even with this growing industry and advancing the technology that goes into cybersecurity, it is still vulnerable to attacks and data breaches.  Similarly to your point with the self-driving cars, knowing how a system works from the inside can often times make it easy to infiltrate and steal from, whether that system manifests itself physically in a car hooked up to numerous sensors, or a digital system protected by code.  Both have vulnerabilities, but both can be protected, given the proper set-up work, as per Shannon’s suggestion in your third paragraph.

Response 3

Julie Hansted Andersen

Julie, I agree with the quotes you referenced stating that AI will become integrated with a person’s everyday life in the coming 20-25 years, or even sooner than that.  AI is being integrated into industries never thought possible today, and construction and architecture are just the next step for them.  The college program to get working adults into the world of tech sounds like a great opportunity that other universities may have to implement, or a similar system, in the coming 15-20 years to prepare for the influx of adults looking to join the tech industry.  Supply and demand also works in academia, and if public and private universities alike do not recognize that, I believe there may be a crisis once this technology tries to integrate above a certain level.

Week 1 Post - Hailey Ihlow - Group D

Topics: Sensors, AI, Future

Self-powered sensors – self-powered living – Sensors for wearable technology and sensors for data analysis; those are some key topics I am pulling from the tag. There is a need for energy generation that does not rely on fossil fuel, but there are other benefits to this as well. The sensors are used for energy usage and generation depending on the use. For example, there is a watch that runs on the heat of the user; this takes away the need for charging every few days. While the charge is not a lot for a high-powered smartwatch, it does have potential as technology advances. The current tech is bulky but has gotten smaller as the technology advances. As sensors in this regard get better and smaller applications will expand to other daily used items such as headphones. I use my headphones about 70% of my day. With devices that are powered by the world around them, what will that mean when AI systems are installed and implemented into the same devices. [1]

Will, we let them “…control over our computers, toasters, cars.” A lot of companies are using cloud-like systems to save data, but those are not AI like for now. Before I delve further into the AI realm, a constant paranoia is that Siri or other phone applications are listening to our conversations. This “listening” is how companies such as Google and Amazon make their products edgier, by knowing the clients (us) as we use their products. With the system knowing what we search, ready, like, etc. the product can learn and use this for future use to potentially help the user. In another setting AI is a large part of the self-driving car. While there is still a lot to be designed with this technology the capabilities are at the fingertips of these large companies. I think this technology will be hard to implement since there are some sacrifices to be made with the self-driving car. Not only giving up the actual driving but the companies that run these will have control over everything around transportation. How long it takes to get there if you take the high way or local streets. Self-driving cars can be comparable to the phone listening to our conversations. The car will know where you usually go and need to go when taking away choices we have as of now. [2]

As tech advances so do we. Advancement while is usually a good thing it may have its problems. Considering “what tech will look like in 2039” article one of the first topics discussed is biology hacking. Biology hacking, while having amazing perks speaks to some cons as well. This article touches on the medical advancements and helpfulness that this technology can bring us. The article even mentions AI, and how that tech can help determine things within our codes to help our health. As with most tech and advancements setting principles and rules helps not only the tech but us from being vulnerable to our creation and other creations.  [3]

There is a lot in the future that is near and far regarding how technology will change and how it will change us. While technology is something humans rely on eventually the line of what is and is not technology may fade away.

References:

 [1] Stein, Scott. (2019, January,4). Here comes the thermoelectric future: We tried out the next generation of self-powered sensors. https://www.cnet.com/news/thermoelectric-future-we-tried-out-the-next-generation-of-self-powered-sensors/.

[2] Miller, Paul. (2018, May,7). What is edge computing? https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/5/7/17327584/edge-computing-cloud-google-microsoft-apple-amazon.

[3] Marvin, Rob. (2019, January,3). What tech will look lie in 2039? https://www.pcmag.com/news/365676/what-tech-will-look-like-in-2039

Responses:

1.       Tyler Madden, you have really good information in here from a perspective I have not read much on before. I think with knowledge being more and more accessible to the users this topic will be higher and higher on the list of issues discussed. As professor Mitchel said, we are living in a world that is changing very fast around us, and I think topics that you bring up in here are important to keep in mind as we move forward

.

2.       Harvin Bhandal, I read some of the same articles you did. There was a lot of interesting information in there regarding the future of these devices. In regards to the workforces that won't get affected by AI. Is there a timeline on that because while yet, executives might be safer than nurses, but I think that there are applications for doctors and nurses within the AI field. From a human perspective “bedside table” might disappear but that is gone in some cases anyways overall good selection of thoughts.

3.       Blas Andres Rodriguez, you have made some points. The construction field is going to get affected by technology. I see that when I am at work and in classes as professors that still work in the field talk about the changes they see. I use Revit at work, and I collaborate with architects and clients about how fire protection networks will go through a building. While it's not a hard task to design the logistics of installation and correct space for the network is the issue. So BIM/Revit is helpful in the long run. In the past CAD was implemented, and there was a higher chance in crashes. Now being able to see the network go through the building the designers from both sides can adjust as needed. 

Blog Post 1: Link Between Sensors, Building Operations, and AI

Sensor technologies are becoming imperative to intelligent building design. The use of thermostats kicked off the beginning of HVAC sensor technology but as other sensors are developed the thermostat must evolve beyond its current binary capabilities. Other technologies such as CO2 sensors, enthalpy sensors, and occupancy sensors have been implemented in building design to reduce energy consumption by HVAC systems. As these specialized sensors become more used, thermostats that at one point in time controlled entire HVAC systems, will become intelligent monitoring systems coordinating the specialized sensors. As renewable energy becomes adapted more widely, terminal sensors will be self-powered, wireless, and communicative [1]. Sensors will report errors in building envelopes, report damage, and report other data that pertains to what they are designed to do specifically.

Home automation and IoT have become buzzwords regarding building automation. As Home automation becomes more economically viable for the average American, data can be recorded and collected to achieve more accuracy for energy modeling and BIM. [2] Using 3-D models of buildings to monitor operating conditions in a building will allow for engineers and occupants to achieve an engaging synergy that encourages energy consciousness.

Additionally, the IoT may allow self-powered sensors to repair and maintain themselves using AI to physically repair damaged or weathered sensors. This could also be applied to a larger scale where buildings are maintained, repaired, and constructed using robots. [3] However, as robots become able to do jobs better and more efficiently than humans, the building industry will naturally require less humans. Naturally, this is an issue for many people and it is a question that has yet to be solved. But with the good news of reducing energy consumption we can think about a greener future instead of an unemployed future.

[1] Stein, Scott. “A Thermoelectric Future: Meet the next Generation of Self-Powered Sensors.” CNET, CNET, 4 Jan. 2019, www.cnet.com/news/thermoelectric-future-we-tried-out-the-next-generation-of-self-powered-sensors/.

[2] Khemlani, Lachmi. “Three Tech Trends Shifting the BIM Industry in 2016AECbytes Viewpoint #80 (July 21, 2016).” Technology Toolkit for Sustainable Design at Orcutt Winslow Partnership: AECbytes Feature, www.aecbytes.com/viewpoint/2016/issue_80.html.

[3] B1M, The. “The Construction Robots Are Coming | The B1M.” YouTube, YouTube, 30 May 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKGGHdl3NyQ.

Blog Post 1 - The Future and Security of AI and Computing

As time goes on, we as a society see a push for more connected technologies and services and the integration of AI into every facet it can be integrated. There are obvious benefits to this as there you will be able to access all of your data and files from anywhere, at anytime and automate a lot of your daily tasks. AI are seeing an increase in popularity in cell phone and tech assistants and even in self-driving cars. While all the connectivity is beneficial, it largely increases both security risks and privacy issues. I feel that the future will bring an increase in security risks that could outweigh the benefits of connectivity.

AI is definitely in the spotlight currently as self driving cars gain traction and the design of general use AI are becoming more popular. The benefits of AI could be numerous but the risks the impose are also numerous. In an article from September 2018, the ease at which AI could be fooled or hacked was discussed. The article talked about the astonishingly easy methods AI could be convinced to see or hear something different than what it was actually exposed to. A frightening example is that some AI researchers "put some stickers on a stop sign, fooling a common type of image recognition AI into thinking it was a 45-mile-per hour speed limit sign." [1] This is very bad as it would be so easy for someone to fool a self-driving car like that and to cause a serious accident. The article discusses that this type of redirect can be done not only visually but also for auditory AI. The same group of researchers also came up with a "trick that makes an image recognition AI not only mislabel things, but hallucinate them." [1] AI developers are aware of some of these tricks and have begun to come up with countermeasures but other AI researchers needed only a couple of days to circumvent those measures again.

Hacking is prevalent in not just AI but in all aspects of computing and the internet as evidenced by the news storied every so often about a company being hacked (Sony being a big one). In an interview with Greg Shannon, a former chief scientist at Carnegie-Mellon's Software Engineering Institute and is currently the assistant director for cybersecurity strategy at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, he stated that the reason that hacking and security breaches are so lucrative right now is that "what's available online, and its value, keep increasing exponentially- and so do the incentives to exploit systems and steal data." [2] These incentives will only grow as connectivity becomes more encompassing. This is concerning to me given the rise of AI. As mentioned above, it can be very simple to hack an AI or change what it perceives. This vulnerability could be used as the point of easiest access for hackers to gain access to private and important data. Shannon's suggestion on making everything more secure lies in the Internet of Things (IoT). He believes that since the IoT is still in it's infancy, we can build security into the system from the beginning so that in the future it is a core part of technology.

Another potential solution I feel lies in edge computing. The premise of edge computing is "computing that's done at or near the source of the data, instead of relying on the cloud atone of a dozen data centers to do all the work." [3] This is a potential solution as as described in the article, having edge computing in your devices in the future, a lot of things will be managed centrally and pushed to these devices. This will help security as you are not at risk of a security breach from the cloud as each device will be updated and secured on its own or through updates from the developer. A potential downside is discussed in the article that since the developers will push updates out and the user plays no part in the installation, consumers would be at the whim of whatever the developers wanted to put onto the device, whether we like it or not. We may gain better security for our important data, but may lose privacy and agency in our devices.

References
[1] Hutson, Matthew. "Hackers Easily Fool Artificial Intelligences." Science, Vol 361, Issue 6399, pp               215, 20 Jul 2018 <http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6399/215.full> 14 Jan 2019.
[2] Talbot, David. "Why We're So Vulnerable" MIT Technology Review. 25 Jan 2016
          <https://www.technologyreview.com/s/545621/why-were-so-vulnerable/> 14 Jan 2019.
[3] Miller, Paul. "What is edge computing?" The Verge, 7 May 2018
          <https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/5/7/17327584/edge-computing-cloud-google-              microsoft-apple-amazon> 14 Jan 2019.

Comments on Other Posts

To Blas Andres Rodriguez Vieria
I agree that there are some aspects of building life and management that can not be controlled or modeled in BIM. Weather and communication are critical in building management and cannot be overlooked. If new technology were created so that that information could be monitored in BIM then building management would reach a whole new era of usefulness. BIM could be used even more in-depth to control a building. It could be used to create more efficient, intelligent buildings as certain measures could be controlled based on the BIM model and data.

To Julie Hansted Andersen
I agree that the phenomenon of people fearing that AI will come for their jobs is an interesting problem. I can see why people would be concerned about that as many jobs would not be as necessary with the use of AI. The Holberton school is an interesting concept that I think could be very beneficial. Since tuition is often the reason people are unable to attend higher education, delaying the payment until a job is secured and basing the tuition off of that salary could be a great way to get around that problem. I think that this type of school and payment would be very beneficial even today without the presence of AI taking jobs.

To Adam Raifsnider
I cannot agree more that the HVAC system and energy use of a building need to be considered from the genesis of design. It is the most costly to maintain over time so the more efficient and effective it is, the better. I agree that HVAC sensors and intelligence are crucial for the future to ensure that buildings operate to the best of their ability. The Keen Smart Vent is very interesting and I believe that more technologies such as that need to be introduced to the smart environment.