Chapter 5: BIM for Architects and Engineers

BIM software can be used in every stage of the construction process. They are commonly used for developing construction level information and the design and analysis of building structures. Another helpful service that BIM software provides is the ability to coordinate design integration. These three services are imperative to intelligent building design. Google Sketchup, IES, Vectorworks, and Revit are several of the most commonly used softwares to mass buildings, meet programming requirements, conduct environmental analyses, execute energy analysis, and create construction level documents.

Revit is often used as a link to other software to reduce redundant design. If a Revit model is constructed well, the amount of redundant data input required from auxiliary software is minimized. Add ons for other software are available to perform even more specific tasks. For example, Apache HVAC, is used by IES to complete HVAC plant calculations. This is an area that I have personally worked in.  The advantage that a central BIM model provides over traditional drawings is that it can be analyzed directly and offers an array of information that can be extrapolated for engineers efficiently. [1]

Structural analysis can also be completed from a central BIM model. By using RAM, structural engineers can ensure design integrity under a varying set of design conditions. BIM also allows for efficient building scheduling. Revit can be used to assign material properties which can be extrapolated into tables within the software. Additionally, construction phases and design sets can be used for different building options and phasing for construction.

Additional advantages that BIM has provided over the course of its life include the fabrication and design of unique parts which was traditionally impossible. However, using BIM models, fabricators can take a 3-D drawing and manufacture abstract shapes. Another advantage of BIM software is the ability to value engineer. Engineers can analyze and compare different building systems to provide the most economical solutions to their clients. Additionally, the ease of early exploration of building massing and programming ensures that architects create the best experience for clients in a building.

Sources:

[1] Sacks, Rafael. BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Designers, Engineers, Contractors, and Facility Managers. Wiley, 2018.

Comments:
Adam Raifsnider:

 I have also noticed the lack of access to 3-D models by smaller contractors. I think for BIM to reach its full potential, it is imperative that all parties involved in the creation of a building have access to 3-D models. I also think with the emergence of AI and 3-D printing on construction sites, we will reduce the need for subcontractors, and the subcontractors who do remain will have the technology to allow them to see a real time 3-D model containing addendums and changes to the original design.

Alec Silverstone:

 In order for contractors to make less mistakes in construction design, and for engineers to produce plans that accurately reflect what contractors will actually build, there should be contractors present during the design process of a building. I think contractors and engineers have a responsibility to coordinate physical construction to meet client demands and occupant safety.

Christian Tate:

 It has been the responsibility of engineers and architects to produce an accurate set of plans that reflect industry standards. It is interesting to think about the possibility of this being translated to three dimensions as construction documents shift away from paper and towards building models. Hopefully, this improves as design professionals will have standards built into the software they use.